what is a system?

this essay explores the concept of "system" through the lens of historical and modern interpretations. tracing the evolution of the word from newton's time to present day, it examines how systems have been defined and used across various disciplines. the author reflects on the shift from analyzing simple systems to grappling with the complexity of modern-day challenges. using examples from science and society, the essay underscores the tension between reductionist approaches and the rise of complexity science. ultimately, it challenges readers to reconsider their understanding of systems and the intricate relationships within them.